PRESSURE TRANSDUCER

PRESSURE TRANSDUCER

TRANSDUCER :-

       A device that converts primary from of energy into other different energy form only for measurement purposes.

 Primary energy forms ; mechanical, herbal, electromagnetic, optical, chemical, etc.

Classification of transducers :

·       Active and passive transducer

·         Absolute and relative

·        direct and complex

·        Analog and digital

·        primary and secondary transducer

·        on the basic principle used

1.Active and passive transducer

 :        Active transducers: add energy to the measurement environment as part of the measurement processes Requirement external power supply.

 Strain, potentiometer and etc.

Passive transducers: do not add energy as part of the measurement process but may remove energy in their operation.

Does not require external power supply

thermocuple, photo-volatile cell & etc.

 2. Absolute and relative

          Absolute transducer : detect a stimulus in reference to on absolute physical scale                  that is independent on the measurement condition.

Thermister

Relative transducer : produces a signal that relates to some special case.

Thermocouple

3.direct and complex

Direct transducer : converts a stimulus into an electrical signal or modifies an electrical signal by using an appropriate physical effect.

Complex transducers : in addition needs more than one transducers or may have computing machines.

4.Analog and digital

          Analog transducers: The transducers which convert the input quantity     into an analog output which is a continuous function of the time.

Direct transducers: The transducer which converts the input quantity into digital  from means in the from of pulses.

Types of transducer:

·                              Mechanical and electrical transducer:

transducers that converts physical quantities into mechanical once are called    mechanical transducers..

transducers that converts physical quantities into electrical are called electrical transducers.

         

·                              sensors and actuators :

                  

                   a sensor is a transducer that receives and responds to a signal or stimulus from a physical system.

                   An actuator is a device that is responsible for moving or controlling a mechanism or system.

·                              Passive vs active sensors :

                   passive sensors requires an external power source to operate, witch is called an excitation signal. The signal is modulated by the sensor to produce an output signal.

                   Active sensor, in contrast, generate an electric current in response to an external stimulus which serves as the output signal without the need of an additional energy source.

Applications of transducers :-

         

Electromagnetic:

·                              antenna

·                              magnetic cartridges

·                              tape head, disk read and write heads

·                              hall effect sensors

Electrochemical:

·                              ph probes

·                              electro-galvanic oxygen sensors

·                              hydrogen sensors

Electromechanical:

·                              accelerometers

·                              air flow sensors

·                              pressure sensors  

·                              string potentiometers

·                              vibration power generators

Radioacoustic:

·                              geiger muller tubes

·                              radio receivers

·                              radio transmitters

MEDICAL IMAGING TALK BLOG:

COVERING NEWS & ADVANTAGES – Change helthcare

          2017 was an eventful year for radiology leaders. The roll-out of MIPS and MACRA challenged radiologists to prove value and deal with new procedures for reporting and reimbursement. Staffing storage's meant that many radiology departments had to do more with less. And hovering over the entire industry was the promise and uncertainty – of artificial intelligence.

Through the year, our team has kept an ear to the conversations happening in our industry. We attended and hosted webinars, listened at conventions, and kept abreast of the latest research. Based on that experience we have identified the trends that kept radiologists talking this year- the trends most likely to shape radiology in the coming year.

These five topics should be at the top of any radiology leaders mind when planning for 2018.

1.Artificial intelligence :

                   will intelligent machines make our jobs easier, or replace us? That question was top-of-mind throughout the year. as artificial intelligence's continue to learn and refine their algorithms, many wondered if a truly digital radiologist was the most logical outcome.

Even as the field made significant advances, it appears that a machine that can match the expertise of a human radiologist is still in the distant future. A radiology assistant mode is likely to be the first implementation of artificial intelligence and even that is few years off.

2.proving radiology value :

          the ongoing move toward value-based care proved a hot topic throughout 2017. the value that radiologists provide to the health system was never in doubt, but quantifying and proving that value will be an ongoing challenge in 2018. radiology leaders need to find new efficiencies and enhance their data analysis and reporting to make their contribution clear.

3.radiation dose management :

          exposure to radiation continues to be a top concern for medical imaging. Safe dosage limits and attempts to reduce dosage for radiologists and patients alike are part of the ongoing discussion on balancing diagnostic  needs with risks. Lowering cumulative exposure from multiple diagnostic test is possible.

4.3d printing and computer aided:

          as scans are able to capture ever increasing amounts of data, its now possible to 3d print models of internal organs that are accurate enough to be clinically useful for specific patients. These models can help aid in diagnosis and guide surgeons through complex procedure. The Henry ford hospital in Detroit used 3d printing to avoid complications during surgery.

5.enterprise imaging :

          discussion about enterprise imaging has finally hit critical mass, as health systems with enterprise imaging initiatives in place show quantifiable benefits from the practice. The enhance communication and collaboration that comes with the free flow of imaging information across the health system can help hospitals be more efficient, control costs, and even drive better patient outcomes.

          Radiology leaders have the opportunity to educate and inform the reset of the health system on imaging best practices, standards and processes..