REPORT OF INPLANT TRAINING ON Battery

 REPORT OF INPLANT  TRAINING ON Battery

Battery

An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more 1 cells electrochemical with external connections provided to power electrical devices such as flashlights, smart phones, and electric cars. When a battery is supplying electric power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode. The terminal marked negative is the source of electrons that when connected to an external circuit will flow and deliver energy to an external device. When a battery is connected to an external circuit, electrolytes are able to move as ions within, allowing the chemical reactions to be completed at the separate terminals and so deliver energy to the external circuit. It is the movement of those ions within the battery which allows current to flow out of the battery to perform work.

 How Car Batteries Work

1.      A typical SLI battery has six cells. Each cell has two plates, or grids: one is made of
 lead, the other of lead dioxide. Each cell is able to produce about 2-volts of energy. In   most car batteries you have six cells, and therefore a 12-volt battery.The plates are     submerged in sulphuric acid that triggers a reaction between the two

2.       plates. In scientific terms, the acid acts as a catalyst.

3.      This acid will trigger a reaction on the lead dioxide plate, causing the plate to produce
 two things: ions and lead sulphate.

4.      The ions produced by the lead dioxide plate react to the adjacent plate to produce
 hydrogen and lead sulphate.

5.      The result is a chemical reaction that produces electrons. The electrons race around the

            plates and generate electricity. The electricity flows out of the battery terminals to start

            your engine, turn on your headlights, and play the radio.

Maintainance of battery

Step 1: Determine Your Battery Voltage And How Many Batteries To Use  Based on your system volage, you must first decide which battery is needed how many to use in 1-order to meet your requeirements.For example, you may connect a series of eight 6v batteries1- 8v batteries or four 12v batteries for a 48-volt system. The size of your batterie compartment, your performance requirements and cost may limit your options

Step 2: Choose your best battery model when choosing your battery model,first consider your battery compartment space, as this may limit your options. Within your size restrictions you may have severel battery options to choose  from. For example, you can use a T-605, T-105 in the same space, as they are excat same physicle size. The difference between these batteries is the amount of energy they offer.

Step 3: Select your best terminal 3- finally determine which terminal option best meets your needs on the type of cabel.1-conection you plan to use. .

Inspection

There are many tools that may help in properly caring for and maintaining batteries. Below is a list of basic items that Trojan recommends for this task:Batteries should be carefully inspected on a regular basis in order to detect and correct potential problems before they can do harm. It is a great idea to start this routine when you first receive the batteries are first received.

Inspection Guidelines

1. Examine the outside appearance of the battery.

·         Look for cracks in the container.

·         The top of the battery, posts, and connections should be clean, free of dirt, fluids, and

            corrosion. If batteries are dirty, refer to the Cleaning section for the proper cleaning

             procedure.

·         Repair or replace any damaged batteries.

2. Any fluids on or around the battery may be an indication that electrolyte is spilling, leaching,

   or leaking out.

·         Leaking batteries must be repaired or replaced.

3. Check all battery cables and their connections.

·         Look closely for loose or damaged parts.

·         Battery cables should be intact; broken or frayed cables can be extremely hazardous.

·         Replace any cable that looks suspicious.

4. Tighten all wiring connections to the proper specification (see below). Make certain there

     is good contact with the terminals.

Testing

Visual inspection alone is not sufficient to determine the overall health of the battery. Both open-circuit voltage and specific gravity readings can give a good indication of the battery’s charge level, age, and health. Routine voltage and gravity checks will not only showthe state of charge but also help spot signs of improper care, such as undercharging and over-watering, and possibly even locate a bad or weak battery. The following steps outline how to properly perform routine voltage and specific gravity testing on batteries.

I. Specific Gravity Test (Flooded batteries only)

1.      Do not add water at this time.

2.      Fill and drain the hydrometer 2 to 4 times before pulling out a sample.

3.      There should be enough sample electrolyte in the hydrometer to completely support the float.

4.      Take a reading, record it, and return the electrolyte back to the cell.

5.      To check another cell, repeat the 3 steps above.

II. Open-Circuit Voltage Test

For accurate voltage readings, batteries must remain idle (no charging, no discharging) for at least 6 hrs, preferably 24 hrs.

1.      Disconnect all loads from the batteries.

2.      Measure the voltage using a DC voltmeter.

3.      Check the state of charge with Table 1 below.

4.      Charge the battery if it registers 0% to 70% charged.

   

Cleaning

Batteries seem to attract dust, dirt, and grime. Keeping them clean will help spot signs of troublewhen they appear and avoid problems associated with grime.

1.      Check that all vent caps are tightly in place.

2.      Rinse with water and dry with a clean cloth.

3.      Clean battery terminals and the inside of cable clamps using a post and clamp cleaner.
 Clean terminals will have a bright metallic shine.

4.      Reconnect the clamps to the terminals and thinly coat them with an anti-corrosive spray
or silicon gel.

Charging

Charging batteries properly requires administering the right amount of current at the right voltage. Most charging equipment automatically regulates these values. Some chargers allow the user to set these values. Both automatic and manual equipment can present difficulties in charging. Tables 2 & 3 list most of the necessary voltage settings one might need to program a charger. In either case the original instructions for your charging equipment should also be referenced for proper charging.

Discharging

Discharging batteries is entirely a function of your particular application.

However, below is list of helpful items:

1.      Shallow discharges will result in a longer battery life.

2.      50% (or less) discharges are recommended.

3.      80% discharge is the maximum safe discharge.

4.      Do not leave batteries deeply discharged for any length of time.