Pressure transducer for medial application

Pressure transducer for medial application

Application

1.       Air flow meter

2.       Dialysis

3.       Blood pressure monitors

4.       Oxygen concentrators’ work

5.       Medical ventilators

6.       Artificial heart

Air flow meter

     An air flow meter is a device that measures air flow, i.e. how much air is flowing through a tube. It does not measure the volume of the air passing through the tube, it measures the mass of air flowing through the device per unit time. Thus air flow meters are simply an application of mass flow meters for a special medium. Typically, mass air flow measurements are expressed in the units of kilograms per second (kg/s).

Dialysis

Dialysis may be used in those with rapidly developing loss of kidney function, called acute kidney injury (previously called acute renal failure) or slowly worsening kidney function, called Stage 5 chronic kidney disease, (previously called chronic kidney failure and end-stage renal disease and end stage kidney disease).

Dialysis is used as a temporary measure in either acute kidney injury or in those waiting kidney transplant and as a permanent measure in those for whom a transplant is not indicated or not possible.

 Blood pressure  monitor       

             A device that automatically obtains and usually records the blood pressure at certain intervals, using the direct or indirect method of determining pressure. In some models, an alarm or light signal is activated if the pressure rises or falls to an abnormal level

 Oxygen concentrators work

           Oxygen concentrators typically use pressure  swing  adsorption (PSA) technology and are used very widely for oxygen provision in healthcare applications, especially where liquid or pressurized oxygen is too dangerous or inconvenient, such as in homes or in portable clinics. For other purposes there are also concentrators based on membrane technology.

Medical ventilator

.         A medical ventilator (or simply ventilator in context) is a mechanical ventilator, a machine designed to move breathable air into and out of the lungs, to provide breathing for a patient who is physically unable to breathe, or breathing insufficiently.

Artificial heart

           An artificial heart is a device that replaces the heart. Artificial hearts are typically used to bridge the time to heart transplantation, or to permanently replace the heart in case heart transplantation is impossible. An artificial heart is distinct from a ventricular assist device (VAD) designed to support a failing heart. It is also distinct from a cardiopulmonary bypass machine, which is an external device used to  provide the functions of both the heart and lungs and are used only for a few hours at a time, most commonly during cardiac surgery.

First aid treatment

Introduction

                First aid is the assistance given to any person suffering a sudden illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery. It includes initial intervention in a serious condition prior to professional medical help being available, such as performing CPR while awaiting an ambulance, as well as the complete treatment of minor conditions, such as applying a plaster to a cut. First aid is generally performed by the layperson, with many people trained in providing basic levels of first aid, and others willing to do so from acquired knowledge. Mental health first aid is an extension of the concept of first aid to cover mental health.

Aims of first aid treatment

•        Preserve life:  The overriding aim of all medical care which includes first            is to save lives and minimize the threat of death.

•        Prevent further harm:  Prevent further harm also sometimes called prevent the condition from worsening, or danger of further injury, this covers both external factors, such as moving a patient away from any cause of harm, and applying first aid techniques to prevent worsening of the condition, such as applying pressure to stop a bleed becoming dangerous.

•        Promote recovery:  First aid also involves trying to start the recovery process from the illness or injury, and in some cases might involve completing a treatment, such as in the case of applying a plaster to a small wound

Specific disciplines of first aid treatment

              There are several types of first aid treatment

•        Aquatic/Marine first aid is usually practiced by professionals such as lifeguards, professional mariners or in diver rescue, and covers the specific problems which may be faced after water-based rescue or delayed MedEvac.

•        Battlefield first aid takes into account the specific needs of treating wounded combatants and non-combatants during armed conflict.

•        Hyperbaric first aid may be practiced by SCUBA diving professionals, who need to treat conditions such as the bends.

•        Oxygen first aid is the providing of oxygen to casualties who suffer from conditions resulting in hypoxia.

         

Conditions that often require first aid

•        Altitude sickness, which can begin in susceptible people at altitudes as low as 5,000 feet, can cause potentially fatal swelling of the brain or lungs.

•        Anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition in which the airway can become constricted and the patient may go into shock. The reaction can be caused by a systemic allergic reaction to allergens such as insect bites or peanuts. Anaphylaxis is initially treated with injection of epinephrine.

•        Battlefield first aid—This protocol refers to treating shrapnel, gunshot wounds, burns, bone fractures, etc. as seen either in the ‘traditional’ battlefield setting or in an area subject to damage by large-scale weaponry, such as a bomb blast.

•        Bone fracture, a break in a bone initially treated by stabilizing the fracture with a splint.

•        Burns, which can result in damage to tissues and loss of body fluids through the burn site

•        Childbirth.

•        Cramps in muscles due to lactic acid build up caused either by inadequate oxygenation of muscle or lack of water or salt.

•        Diving disorders, drowning or asphyxiation.

Making of the First Aid Kit

•        first - aid manual different sizes

•        Adhesive tape

•        Adhesive bandages in several sizes

•        elastic bandage

•        a splint

•        antiseptic wipes

•        soap

•        antibiotic ointment